Ego Identity Status and Life Satisfaction: A Comparative Study Among Alcohol Consumers and Abstainers

Abstract

Identity development plays a crucial role in shaping an individual's self-concept and sense of purpose. Rooted in Erikson’s and Marcia’s theories, this research investigates whether ego identity status and life satisfaction among young adults in India are affected by lifestyle choices.

This study aimed to compare ego identity status (achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, and diffusion) between alcohol abstainers (never consumed alcohol) and alcohol consumers (reported alcohol use at least once in the past 12 months). We also compared life satisfaction scores for alcohol abstainers and alcohol consumers.

A quantitative approach was adopted with 180 participants (18–25 years), comparing alcohol abstainers and alcohol consumers using the Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Chi-square tests indicated no statistical differences in identity status, though higher identity achievement was found among abstainers, whereas diffusion was more prevalent among consumers. Independent samples t-tests indicated that abstainers showed significantly greater life satisfaction compared to consumers. These findings suggest that while alcohol consumption may not directly influence ego identity development, alcohol abstinence is associated with higher life satisfaction. The results highlight the potential psychological benefits of alcohol abstinence, emphasizing the role of self-determined lifestyle choices in fostering autonomy and well-being in young adults.